Wild boar diet and its implications on agriculture and biodiversity in Brazilian forest–grassland ecoregions

Abstract

We aimed to describe the composition of Sus scrofa diet in three Brazilian ecoregions characterized by a mosaic of forests and grasslands: Pampa, Araucaria Forest and Pantanal. We evaluated the possible risks that the species may represent for agriculture and conservation of biodiversity by analyzing the stomach content of 118 boars. We examined dietary patterns in each ecoregion using PCA (principal component analysis) and verified how diet varies according to individual attributes through redundancy analysis. We visualized the composition of macronutrients in a multidimensional space by means of RMT (right–angled mixture triangle). The wild boars presented a diverse diet, influenced by season, time of day, and local availability of resources. Cultivated grains and herbs were the most commonly consumed items, leading to a high carbohydrate intake. Damage to agriculture is potentially high given the large consumption of cultivated grains. Population growth and expansion may be limited by the low availability of protein in the ecoregions.